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Résumé |
Vacuum decay is a prominent example of strongly nonlinear effects in quantum field theory with potentially
important implications for cosmology, relating to phase transitions in the early universe or the supposed
metastability of the current Higgs vacuum. Although a general theoretical description was laid out in the 80s
by Sidney Coleman and his collaborators, fundamental questions pertaining to the back-reaction of true
vacuum bubbles on space-time curvature and their correlations remain so far unanswered, calling for
different approaches to the problem. In this talk, after a brief review of Coleman's theory emphasizing its
genericness and limitations, I will present a recently-proposed cold-atoms model in which some of these
ideas could be tested in laboratory experiments. I will discuss the mathematical correspondence between the
two problems and focus on how a localized defect changes the decay rate, taking the example of a vortex in a
Bose-Einstein condensate
and comparing with the effect of a black hole in a relativistic theory. |
