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Résumé |
Biological tissues are composite materials, made of cells, extracellular matrix
and interstitial fluid. As cells continuously proliferate, migrate, and secrete
new extracellular matrix, biological tissues also build up an intrinsic stress
during their growth. This complexity gives the tissues emerging rheological and
biological properties, which cannot be merely traced back to those of the
constitutive cells. In this work, we characterized the mechanical and biological
reaction of a model tissue in response to an external mechanical perturbation. In
particular, we used multicellular aggregates as a proxy of avascular and
homogeneous tissues, we compressed them via osmotic shocks and modeled the
experimental results with an active poroelastic material. We concluded that both
the mechanical and the biological response are mainly determined by the presence
of the extracellular matrix and by its mechanical state, as well as by the flows
of the interstitial fluid. |
