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Statut Confirmé
Série BIOPHY-ENS-ESPCI
Domaines physics.bio-ph
Date Vendredi 10 Décembre 2021
Heure 13:00
Institut LPENS
Salle Salle Favard, IBENS
Nom de l'orateur Plastino
Prenom de l'orateur Julie
Addresse email de l'orateur
Institution de l'orateur Institut Curie
Titre Forces drive basement membrane invasion in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Résumé Invasion of cells through basement membrane (BM) extracellular matrix barriers is an important process during organ development and cancer metastasis. Much has been understood concerning the cell biology of invasion, but the role of cell mechanics in the invasive process is little studied. During invasion cells breach BM barriers with actin-rich protrusions. It remains unclear, however, if actin polymerization applies pushing forces to help break through BM, or if actin filaments play a passive role as scaffolding for targeting invasive machinery. Here using the developmental event of anchor cell (AC) invasion in Caenorhabditis elegans, we observe that the AC deforms the BM just prior to invasion, exerting forces in the tens of nN range. BM deformation is driven by actin polymerization nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex and its activators, while formins, crosslinkers and myosin motor activity are dispensable. Delays in invasion upon actin regulator loss are not caused by defects in AC polarity, trafficking or secretion, as appropriate markers are correctly localized in the AC even when actin is reduced and invasion is disrupted. In addition our preliminary results indicate that the AC nucleus is deformed during invasion, and the role played by the nucleus in AC invasion is currently under investigation. Overall cell and nuclear mechanics emerge from this study as important considerations in BM disruption by invading cells.
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