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Résumé |
We present a finite-element software library, IRENE, which allows for numerically
solving the dynamics of a viscous fluid layer embedded in three-dimensional space.
We show how IRENE can handle two-dimensional, open surfaces with a large variety
of boundary conditions and obstacles embedded in the fluid layer, and describe a
wide range of length scales and physical regimes—both low-Reynolds-number and
turbulent ones.
We discuss IRENE’s predictions, compare them to known analytical and numerical
results, and demonstrate the software capabilities through physical examples—which
range from microscopic, to mesoscopic, to planetary ones. For some of these
examples, we discuss how some features of the numerical solution can be understood
intuitively, with simple scaling arguments.
Finally, we discuss how the fluid layer can be coupled to a bulk fluid, by
introducing the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method. This behavior may
describe interaction between a bulk fluid and an elastic sheet across multiple
physical regimes. Examples include coupling between the bacterial cytosolic
solution and membrane, interaction between lipidic membranes and actin, or
coupling between air flow and an elastic body on macroscopic scales. |
